The purpose of these designs were to challenge  the modernist dogmas of “form follows function”. Without program, how do we start a project? For these three investigations, I looked at creating forms without a program and site, and instead, used geometry, materiality, and techtonics to guide my designs. Spatial cues and logical patterns were merged and blended with formal methodologies, such as subduct, osmosis, and uplift, to create spaces that were adaptable scaleless.